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吉他入門:攻破難點,學習吉他也可以這么簡單!

2019-5-7 21:46| 發(fā)布者: dy00| 查看: 405 | 評論: 1收藏

吉他入門:攻破難點,學習吉他也可以這么簡單!


  很多零基礎自學吉他的朋友們,一定遇到過無數(shù)個自己想不通猜不透的難題。一旦這些問題得不到好的解決,在起點就會走很大的彎路,并且它們會影響你一生的演奏習慣。我們今天就挑選兩個常見的難點問題為大家解決!

  

   要點一: 持琴姿勢

  

  首先,上手之前先規(guī)范你的姿勢,這里有“三點”要注意

  

  1.琴腰下面的弧度,放在右側大腿上;

  

  2.琴背板上側弧度,靠在胸口;

  

  3.琴身大圓部分上側弧度,把右臂肘關節(jié)輕輕放在上面。

  

  *達到 “三點支撐” 可以讓我們非常穩(wěn)定的把吉他放在自己的身上

  

  關于右手撥弦☟☟


  吉他入門:攻破難點,學習吉他也可以這么簡單!


  【標準姿勢示范】

  

  放在音孔后半段和琴橋之前的區(qū)域手型半握拳,大拇指方向是食指的第一關節(jié),但是不要捏緊。稍微打開點,放在琴弦上。

  

  什么是“兩角兩線”?

  

  關于兩線:

  

  第一條直線:從正面看的時候,從肘關節(jié)到中指的關節(jié)是一條直線!

  

  【✔✔】

  

  【扭曲的話,則是錯誤✘✘】

  

  第二條直線:從中指關節(jié)到手臂肘關節(jié)的連線,是一個相對平直的直線!

  

  【✔✔】

  

  【塌腕✘✘】

  

  【拱手腕✘✘】

  

  關于兩角:(還是先要保持半握拳姿態(tài))


吉他入門:攻破難點,學習吉他也可以這么簡單!

  

  1.三根手指撥弦的角度:

  

  食指、中指、無名指撥弦的時候,從接觸弦到離開琴弦的那一刻基本上和琴弦劃了一道45°的斜線。✔

  

  撥弦時,手指從外側撥向手心

  

  (注:千萬不能成直角或傾斜的角度特別大✘)

  

  【食指、中指、無名指的運行軌跡圖】

  

  2.拇指運動的方向與角度:

  

  拇指撥弦時,接觸弦到離開弦的過程也是一個斜線。拇指打向食指的第一關節(jié)。

  

  【拇指運行軌跡圖 30°左右】

  

爬格子要領掌握

  

  徐又-示范標準爬格子練習

  

  爬格子這個練習看似簡單,但是如果不按標準去爬,反倒是做無用功。以下是示范視頻中講到的要點:

  

  1)右手撥弦

  

  需要注意的是,當彈到1、2、3弦時,我們不用大拇指去撥弦,而是用食指和中指進行輪撥。

  

  2)左手:“保留手指”與“預備手指”

  

  上行爬格要求“保留手指”,即在中指落下按弦的時候,食指并不抬起離開,其余手指,以此類推。而下行爬格則要求“預備手指”,即小指按弦的時候,無名指同時落在琴弦品格上,做好下一個音的準備,此時只要小指抬起,無名指所按的音,早已準備就緒,中指和食指,以此類推。


吉他入門:攻破難點,學習吉他也可以這么簡單!

  

  3)左右手的同步

  

  如果右手在左手落在琴弦上之前就撥響琴弦,彈出來的音不“響”;假如左手在右手撥弦之前,先落在琴弦上,那么左手會造成一個“打弦”的聲音。這些都是臟音,都是不可取的。所以,左右手的同步,意味著左手落在琴弦上的同時,右手撥弦。每一個音都是如此。

  

  自學者容易犯的錯誤和解決辦法

  

  1)為什么我的小指總是夠不到?

  

  左手手臂肘關節(jié)夾緊,手腕放好,爬格子的時候只動手指。一定要避免一開始手臂沒有夾緊,彈到左手小指按弦的時候,發(fā)現(xiàn)手夠不到了,才把手腕又轉過來的錯誤習慣。

  

  2)為什么我彈的音“一斷一斷的”?

  

  要做好這一步,必須建立在上一步擺好“左手的正確姿態(tài)”上,只有左手在放松狀態(tài)下按弦,才能順暢連續(xù)地彈響每一個音。

  

  3)標準練習練厭倦了怎么辦?

  

  不要把爬格子練得太死,爬格子是為了提高手指靈活性和左右手配合能力。所以除了標準練習之外,還可以試試以下變化:

  

  徐又-爬格子的拓展練習

  

  4)練音階還是練爬格子?

  

  這個是討論最多的問題了。

  

  相鄰四品的爬格練習,稍作改動,便可以成為所謂的“音階”,某種意義上,爬格練習更像是音階練習的“預科班”,并不矛盾。初學者在學習音階之前需要一定的左手機能作為基礎,這剛好是爬格練習存在的價值。

  

  5)要不要開節(jié)拍器?節(jié)拍器開多少速度?

  

  單音跟隨節(jié)拍器,是最基本的節(jié)奏練習,為什么不在爬格的時候,就開始做呢?花同樣的時間,盡可能同時多練一些,各方面能力同時培養(yǎng),是最經(jīng)濟實惠的。

  

  節(jié)拍器從60bpm開始,每響一下,彈一個音。在確定每個音符都演奏的飽滿連貫之后,慢慢地提升練習速度。

  

  6)爬格子的時候手腕會酸疼,這是正常的嗎?

  

  在練習任何樂器演奏時,一旦有酸痛或者任何身體上的不適,立刻停止,查找原因,這絕對是姿態(tài)上發(fā)生了一些隱藏錯誤導致的。最終都會發(fā)現(xiàn)一點,姿態(tài)的變形扭曲,普遍是因為本動作要領上的錯誤,比如:小指彈到1弦4品時,依舊像演奏6弦時那樣,伸得很直,這會導致手腕向前送,加大了手腕彎曲的角度,酸痛感接踵而至。

  

  7)練習爬格子應該保持什么樣的時間頻次?

  

  爬格對于初學者,是每天必練的,是一種極好的 Warm Up 熱身,放在整個練習過程的最開始,跟隨節(jié)拍器,不用太久,20分鐘左右即可。如果一天中練琴時間比較分散,那么每次練琴前,都可以做一些爬格練習,5分鐘,10分鐘,均可,需要根據(jù)自己手指的狀態(tài)而定。


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