十大忌諱 1.如果節(jié)奏和基礎(chǔ)動作有問題,那么其他方面也不會好到那里去。 2.任何一個基礎(chǔ)動作練習(xí)不好,都會導(dǎo)致將來的一系列問題。如手指到位不好、不夠直立壓弦,那么除了演奏把握性會受影響,圓滑音的質(zhì)量也沒有保證,然后所有關(guān)于圓滑音的裝飾音也同樣會有問題,左手獨(dú)奏也會變的極難彈奏了。 3.為一首樂曲確立指法前非常謹(jǐn)慎,指法對彈奏的影響比一般習(xí)琴者認(rèn)為的要重要的多。但是一旦確定了指法,那么在以后的練習(xí)里一定要嚴(yán)格做到,盡快的養(yǎng)成彈奏習(xí)慣。 4.不要隨便的否定或接受書上其他演奏者的指法標(biāo)注,一定要明白一個指法的含義以后再接受它或否定它。如有沒有聲部連接、音樂色彩、方便演奏等等的意義。 5.一個不好的指法常常包含了指法連用,安排指法時候要特別的注意。所謂指法連用就是右手的同一指接連的使用(除了p指),所以一定要交替使用;左手同樣有這個問題:同一弦上的的同一指可以連用,但是不同弦之間的一定盡量避免。 6.每個階段以至每次的練習(xí)都要有清晰的目的,如果練習(xí)的是音階,那么可以考慮練習(xí)目的是音階的起伏還是速度或是其他的目的,然后再考慮通過什么樣的手段練習(xí)才能達(dá)到這個目的,這樣的練習(xí)才能算是高效率的練習(xí)。 7.如果練習(xí)時間不很多,但是又有幾個練習(xí)類型要練習(xí),那么應(yīng)該一次就集中練習(xí)一個類型,下次再集中練習(xí)另一個類型,這樣的效果要好于一次練習(xí)好幾個不同類型的練習(xí),同樣的道理也適用于樂曲的練習(xí)。 8.慢速練習(xí)對于練習(xí)的意義是非常大的,但是要注意在慢速的練習(xí)時,音樂的樂句呼吸和起伏同樣也要做出來,不然到了樂曲正常的速度的時候,這些就會因?yàn)轲B(yǎng)成了習(xí)慣而做不出來了,而且因?yàn)槁倬毩?xí)在練習(xí)里占很大的成分,如果不注意音樂表情,將會養(yǎng)成很不好的習(xí)慣,慢慢的音樂就會失去活力。 9.在不能準(zhǔn)確的完成樂曲的每一樂句的節(jié)奏下,先不要做一些自由式的處理。任何一個演奏家對某一部分自由處理時,他也可以彈奏那個部分的準(zhǔn)確節(jié)奏,在明白準(zhǔn)確節(jié)奏的基礎(chǔ)上做自由處理,才是有源之水。(p.s其實(shí)大部分的西方音樂可以做的自由處理并不是象一般琴友想象的那么多。 10.時?梢砸姷胶芏嗲儆褑柸绾稳ミx擇練習(xí)曲或樂曲,沒錯“選擇什么”是一個重要的問題,但更重要的是“如何彈奏”,就是說用什么樣的方法來練習(xí)或演奏;而最為重要的是“表達(dá)什么”,即使有很好的樂曲,有很好的技術(shù)去操縱它,但是如果忘記了要“表達(dá)什么”,這樣的音樂也是毫無意義的。其實(shí)這種情況在器樂演奏相當(dāng)?shù)某R;由于器樂的演奏技巧具有相?dāng)?shù)碾y度,為了完成好一個樂曲,我們會對很多技術(shù)或處理的細(xì)節(jié)花費(fèi)大量的精力和注意力:”謹(jǐn)毫發(fā)者失儀“,在對細(xì)節(jié)雕琢中,我們忘記了我們?yōu)槭裁匆葑嘁魳妨、、、、、也就是常說的:他在彈奏,但是他不知道他在做什么。所以,任何時候我們不要忘記我們彈奏的音樂要表達(dá)什么,如果實(shí)在無話可說,那么還不如保持沉默。 十大套路 1.練習(xí)時前面放塊鏡子,對照鏡子看自己的身體、手臂和手指。仔細(xì)體會并發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身上、手上是否有肌肉緊張 不順暢的地方。確保你的坐姿和持琴的姿勢沒有給你帶來任何不舒服。 2.爭取讓錯誤只出現(xiàn)一次。在練琴的過程中出錯是難免的,但不要盲目地重復(fù)你所彈錯的地方,先停下來思考一下導(dǎo)致錯誤的原因,發(fā)現(xiàn)它并改進(jìn)它,讓你的手按你的意志彈出正確的結(jié)果。把每一個錯誤都看成是一次學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會,找原因并改進(jìn)。 3.追究每一個錯誤的細(xì)節(jié),在頭腦中清楚明確地知道發(fā)生了什么。是哪個音少彈了或沒彈準(zhǔn)?應(yīng)該用哪個手指去按弦?在按弦之前手指應(yīng)該停留在哪個位置,作什么準(zhǔn)備? 4.每天都堅(jiān)持給自己的彈奏錄音。仔細(xì)聽自己的彈奏,從中找出你最不滿意的部分,想想如何能把它彈得更好。 5.盡量多在他人面前演奏。每一次都要清楚地意識到自己的感覺如何,彈奏如何,身體上是否有緊張感?情感上是否投入了?在心理上是緊張、焦慮,還是感到了演奏音樂的快樂?這些分析有助于你了解自己,看在哪些地方需要提高,成為一個成熟的演奏者。 6.將你的手指看作是不同的人,你可以假想它們有自己的名字,他們在一起是一個樂隊(duì),互相配合。每當(dāng)你用一個手指按弦時,你要想象自己就是那個手指人。這種想象可以讓你在彈奏中更細(xì)膩地體驗(yàn)手指的感覺。缺乏對手指的感覺是引起各種演奏上技術(shù)難度的根源。 7.在你的面前除了曲譜之外,還要放著一個記錄本,每當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己的弱點(diǎn),或最需要改進(jìn)的地方,或需要加強(qiáng)練習(xí)的地方,都要把它們寫下來,還要再寫出你決定如何改進(jìn)。把它經(jīng)常放在你面前,或打印出來釘在某個地方讓自己能經(jīng)常看到。經(jīng)過這種反復(fù)的提醒,在下一次練習(xí)時你會下意識地注意。 8.在每一次移動手指時,要思考你的下一個動作。 9.每當(dāng)你練習(xí)的時候,要注意你的全身。 10.使用節(jié)拍器,把它當(dāng)作你提高技術(shù)不可缺的工具。彈奏速度是慢慢建立起來的,比如,先從60BPM開始,一個音彈奏4拍(這是一個慢得很痛苦的速度),在這個速度上發(fā)現(xiàn)自己手指和身體的肌肉緊張感,放松并消除緊張感。然后到80BPM,100BPM;剡^頭來再重新用60BPM這次一個音彈奏2拍,接著再上到80BPM,100BPM。按照這樣的循環(huán)再練習(xí)一個音1拍,1/8音符,最后是1/16音符,慢慢再由100BPM上升到你能達(dá)到的極限。 https://www.17jita.com/lgkfiXvw/ https://www.17jita.com/lgkf1OdE/ https://www.17jita.com/lgkfZ5eu/ https://www.17jita.com/lgkfYuCP/ https://www.17jita.com/lgkfphbk/ 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